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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) e na le litlamorao tse ngata tsa 'mele le tsa pathological 'meleng oa motho. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) e sebelisoa haholo e le sesebelisoa sa meriana ho lekola litlamorao tsa H2S litekong tsa baeloji. Le hoja tahlehelo ea H2S ho tsoa litharollong tsa NaHS e nka metsotso e seng mekae feela, litharollo tsa NaHS li sebelisitsoe e le metsoako ea bafani bakeng sa H2S metsing a nooang lithutong tse ling tsa liphoofolo. Phuputso ena e batlisisitse hore na metsi a nooang a nang le khatello ea NaHS ea 30 μM e lokisitsoeng ka libotlolong tsa rat/toeba a ka lula a tsitsitse bonyane lihora tse 12-24, joalo ka ha bangoli ba bang ba fana ka maikutlo. Lokisetsa tharollo ea NaHS (30 μM) metsing a nooang 'me u e tšele hang-hang ka libotlolong tsa metsi tsa rat/toeba. Lisampole li ile tsa bokelloa ho tloha ntlheng le ka hare ho botlolo ea metsi ka lihora tse 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 le 24 ho lekanya litaba tsa sulfide ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa methylene blue. Ho phaella moo, litoeba tse tona le tse tšehali li ile tsa entoa ka NaHS (30 μM) ka libeke tse peli 'me mahloriso a serum sulfide a ne a lekanngoa letsatsi le leng le le leng nakong ea beke ea pele le qetellong ea beke ea bobeli. Tharollo ea NaHS sampole e fumanoeng ntlheng ea botlolo ea metsi e ne e sa tsitsa; e ile ea fokotseha ka 72% le 75% kamora lihora tse 12 le 24, ka ho latellana. Lisampoleng tse fumanoeng ka hare ho libotlolo tsa metsi, phokotso ea NaHS e ne e se ea bohlokoa nakong ea lihora tse 2; leha ho le joalo, e ile ea fokotseha ka 47% le 72% kamora lihora tse 12 le 24, ka ho latellana. Ente ea NaHS ha ea ka ea ama boemo ba serum sulfide ba litoeba tse tona le tse tšehali. Qetellong, litharollo tsa NaHS tse lokisitsoeng ka metsi a nooang ha lia lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa monehelo oa H2S hobane tharollo ha e tsitsa. Mokhoa ona oa tsamaiso o tla pepesetsa liphoofolo ho NaHS e sa tloaelehang le e nyane ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) e sebelisitsoe e le chefo ho tloha ka 1700; leha ho le jwalo, karolo ya yona e ka bang teng e le molek'hule ya biosignaling ya tlhaho e hlalositswe ke Abe le Kimura ka 1996. Lilemong tse mashome a mararo tse fetileng, mesebetsi e mengata ya H2S ditsamaisong tse fapaneng tsa batho e hlakisitswe, e leng se ileng sa lebisa tlhokomelong ya hore dimolek'hule tsa bafani ba H2S di ka ba le ditshebediso tsa bongaka kalafong kapa taolong ya mafu a itseng; bona Chirino et al. bakeng sa tlhahlobo ya morao tjena.
Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) e sebelisitsoe haholo e le sesebelisoa sa meriana ho lekola litlamorao tsa H2S lithutong tse ngata tsa setso sa lisele le tsa liphoofolo5,6,7,8. Leha ho le joalo, NaHS ha se mofani ea loketseng oa H2S hobane e fetoloa ka potlako ho ba tharollo ea H2S/HS-in, e silafatsoa habonolo ke polysulfides, 'me e oxidized le ho fetoha habonolo4,9. Litekong tse ngata tsa baeloji, NaHS e qhibiliha ka metsing, e leng se fellang ka ho fetoha habonolo le tahlehelo ea H2S10,11,12, oxidation e sa reroang ea H2S11,12,13, le photolysis14. Sulfide tharollong ea pele e lahleha kapele haholo ka lebaka la ho fetoha habonolo ha H2S11. Ka setshelong se bulehileng, halofo ea bophelo (t1/2) ea H2S ke metsotso e ka bang 5, 'me mahloriso a eona a fokotseha ka hoo e ka bang 13% ka motsotso10. Leha tahlehelo ea hydrogen sulfide ho tsoa litharollong tsa NaHS e nka metsotso e seng mekae feela, lithuto tse ling tsa liphoofolo li sebelisitse litharollo tsa NaHS e le mohloli oa hydrogen sulfide metsing a nooang ka libeke tse 1-21, li nkela tharollo e nang le NaHS sebaka lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 12-24. 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 Mokhoa ona ha o lumellane le melao-motheo ea lipatlisiso tsa saense, kaha litekanyo tsa lithethefatsi li lokela ho ipapisa le tšebeliso ea tsona mefuteng e meng ea liphoofolo, haholo-holo batho.27
Patlisiso ea pele ho bongaka ba biomedicine e ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tlhokomelo ea bakuli kapa liphello tsa kalafo. Leha ho le joalo, liphetho tsa lithuto tse ngata tsa liphoofolo ha li so fetoleloe ho batho28,29,30. Lebaka le leng la ho hloleha hona ha phetolelo ke ho hloka tlhokomelo boleng ba mekhoa ea lithuto tsa liphoofolo30. Ka hona, sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho batlisisa hore na litharollo tsa 30 μM NaHS tse lokisitsoeng ka libotlolong tsa metsi tsa rat/mouse li ka lula li tsitsitse metsing a nooang lihora tse 12-24, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe kapa ho khothaletsoa lithutong tse ling.
Liteko tsohle thutong ena li entsoe ho latela litataiso tse phatlalalitsoeng tsa tlhokomelo le ts'ebeliso ea liphoofolo tsa laboratori Iran31. Litlaleho tsohle tsa liteko thutong ena le tsona li latetse litataiso tsa ARRIVE32. Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Setsi sa Saense ea Endocrine, Univesithi ea Shahid Beheshti ea Saense ea Bongaka, e amohetse mekhoa eohle ea liteko thutong ena.
Zinc acetate dihydrate (CAS: 5970-45-6) le anhydrous ferric chloride (CAS: 7705-08-0) li rekiloe ho Biochem, Chemopahrama (Cosne-sur-Loire, Fora). Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate (CAS: 207683-19-0) le N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) (CAS: 535-47-0) li rekiloe ho Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Isoflurane e rekiloe ho Piramal (Bethlehem, PA, USA). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) e rekiloe ho Merck (Darmstadt, Jeremane).
Lokisetsa tharollo ea NaHS (30 μM) ka metsing a nooang 'me u e tšele hang-hang ka libotlolong tsa metsi tsa rat/toeba. Khakanyo ena e khethiloe ho latela lingoliloeng tse ngata tse sebelisang NaHS e le mohloli oa H2S; bona karolo ea Puisano. NaHS ke molek'hule e nang le metsi e ka bang le metsi a fapaneng a metsi (ke hore, NaHS•xH2O); ho ea ka moetsi, peresente ea NaHS e sebelisitsoeng thutong ea rona e ne e le 70.7% (ke hore, NaHS•1.3 H2O), 'me re ile ra ela hloko boleng bona lipalo tsa rona, moo re sebelisitseng boima ba limolek'hule ba 56.06 g/mol, e leng boima ba limolek'hule ba NaHS e sa nang le metsi. Metsi a metsi a hydration (a boetse a bitsoa metsi a kristale) ke limolek'hule tsa metsi tse etsang sebopeho sa kristale33. Li-hydrate li na le thepa e fapaneng ea 'mele le ea thermodynamic ha li bapisoa le li-anhydrate34.
Pele o eketsa NaHS metsing a nooang, lekanya pH le mocheso oa motsoako. Tšela tharollo ea NaHS hang-hang ka botlolong ea metsi ea rat/toeba ka har'a sehokelo sa liphoofolo. Lisampole li ile tsa bokelloa ho tloha ntlheng le ka hare ho botlolo ea metsi ka lihora tse 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, le 24 ho lekanya bongata ba sulfide. Litekanyo tsa sulfide li ile tsa nkuoa hang ka mor'a sampole e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Re fumane lisampole ho tloha ntlheng ea tube hobane lithuto tse ling li bontšitse hore boholo ba pore e nyane ea tube ea metsi bo ka fokotsa mouoane oa H2S15,19. Bothata bona bo bonahala bo sebetsa le tharollong e ka botlolong. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha sea ka sa etsahala ka tharollo e molaleng oa botlolo ea metsi, e neng e e-na le sekhahla se phahameng sa mouoane 'me e ne e iketsetsa chefo; ha e le hantle, liphoofolo li ile tsa noa metsi ana pele.
Ho sebelisitsoe likhoto tsa Wistar tse tona le tse tšehali thutong ena. Likhoto li ne li kentsoe ka har'a lihoko tsa polypropylene (likhoto tse 2-3 ka lehoko) tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng (mocheso oa 21-26 °C, mongobo oa 32-40%) ka khanya ea lihora tse 12 (7 hoseng ho isa ho 7 mantsiboea) le lefifi la lihora tse 12 (7 mantsiboea ho isa ho 7 hoseng). Likhoto li ne li e-na le phihlello ea mahala ea metsi a pompo 'me li ne li feptjoa ka chow e tloaelehileng (Khorak Dam Pars Company, Tehran, Iran). Likhoto tsa Wistar tse lekanang le lilemo (likhoeli tse 6) tse tšehali (n=10, boima ba 'mele: 190–230 g) le tse tona (n=10, boima ba 'mele: 320–370 g) li ne li arotsoe ka mokhoa o sa reroang ka lihlopha tse phekoloang tsa taolo le NaHS (30 μM) (n=5 ka sehlopha). Ho fumana boholo ba sampole, re sebelisitse mokhoa oa KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid), o kopanyang phihlelo ea pele le tlhahlobo ea matla35. Re ile ra qala ka ho etsa phuputso ya teko ho ditoeba tse 3 mme ra fumana boemo ba karolelano ya sulfide ya serum le ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng (8.1 ± 0.81 μM). Yaba, re nahana ka matla a 80% mme ra nka boemo ba bohlokwa ba mahlakore a mabedi ba 5%, re fumane boholo ba sampole ya pele (n = 5 ho latela dingolwa tse fetileng) bo tsamaellanang le boholo ba phello bo tloaelehileng ba 2.02 ka boleng bo hlalositsweng esale pele bo sisintsweng ke Festing bakeng sa ho bala boholo ba sampole ya diphoofolo tsa teko35. Kamora ho atisa boleng bona ka SD (2.02 × 0.81), boholo ba phello e ka lemohuwang bo boletsweng esale pele (1.6 μM) e ne e le 20%, e leng se amohelehang. Sena se bolela hore n = 5/sehlopha bo lekane ho lemoha phetoho e tloaelehileng ya 20% pakeng tsa dihlopha. Ditoeba di ile tsa arolwa ka mokhoa o sa reroang ka dihlopha tse laolwang le tse phekolwang ke NaSH ho sebediswa mosebetsi o sa reroang wa software ya Excel 36 (Setshwantsho se Tlatsetsang sa 1). Ho foufatsa ho entswe boemong ba sephetho, mme bafuputsi ba neng ba etsa ditekanyo tsa biochemical ba ne ba sa tsebe ka dikabelo tsa sehlopha.
Lihlopha tsa NaHS tsa bong ka bobeli li ile tsa phekoloa ka tharollo ea 30 μM NaHS e lokisitsoeng ka metsing a nooang libeke tse 2; Tharollo e ncha e ile ea fanoa lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 24, tseo ka tsona boima ba 'mele bo neng bo lekanngoa. Lisampole tsa mali li ile tsa bokelloa lintlheng tsa mohatla oa litoeba tsohle tlas'a anesthesia ea isoflurane letsatsi le leng le le leng qetellong ea beke ea pele le ea bobeli. Lisampole tsa mali li ile tsa kenngoa ka centrifuge ho 3000 g metsotso e 10, serum e ile ea aroloa 'me ea bolokoa ho -80°C bakeng sa tekanyo e latelang ea serum urea, creatinine (Cr), le total sulfide. Serum urea e ile ea fumanoa ka mokhoa oa enzymatic urea, 'me serum creatinine e ile ea fumanoa ka mokhoa oa photometric Jaffe ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse fumanehang khoebong (Man Company, Tehran, Iran) le sesebelisoa sa ho sekaseka ka boiketsetso (Selectra E, nomoro ea serial 0-2124, The Netherlands). Li-coefficients tsa intra- le interassay tsa phapang bakeng sa urea le Cr li ne li le ka tlase ho 2.5%.
Mokhoa oa methylene blue (MB) o sebelisetsoa ho lekanya sulfide eohle metsing a nooang le serum e nang le NaHS; MB ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa ho lekanya sulfide ka har'a litharollo tse ngata le lisampole tsa baeloji11,37. Mokhoa oa MB o ka sebelisoa ho hakanya letamo lohle la sulfide38 le ho lekanya sulfide tse sa tloaelehang ka mokhoa oa H2S, HS- le S2 karolong ea metsi39. Mokhoeng ona, sebabole se etsoa ka mokhoa oa zinc sulfide (ZnS) boteng ba zinc acetate11,38. Zinc acetate precipitation ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa ho arola sulfide ho li-chromophores tse ling11. ZnS e ile ea qhibilihisoa hape ho sebelisoa HCl11 tlas'a maemo a matla a asiti. Sulfide e arabela le DMPD ka karolelano ea stoichiometric ea 1:2 karabelong e susumetsoang ke ferric chloride (Fe3+ e sebetsa e le moemeli oa oxidizing) ho theha dae MB, e fumanoang ka spectrophotometric ho 670 nm40,41. Moeli oa ho lemoha mokhoa oa MB ke hoo e ka bang 1 μM11.
Phuputsong ena, 100 μL ea sampole ka 'ngoe (tharollo kapa serum) e ile ea eketsoa ka har'a tube; eaba 200 μL ea zinc acetate (1% w/v ka metsing a hloekisitsoeng), 100 μL ea DMPD (20 mM ka 7.2 M HCl), le 133 μL ea FeCl3 (30 mM ka 1.2 M HCl) lia eketsoa. ​​Motsoako o ile oa beoa mochesong oa 37°C lefifing ka metsotso e 30. Tharollo e ile ea kenngoa ka setering ho 10,000 g ka metsotso e 10, 'me ho monngoa ha supernatant ho ile ha baloa ho 670 nm ho sebelisoa microplate reader (BioTek, MQX2000R2, Winooski, VT, USA). Maqhubu a sulfide a ile a fumanoa ka ho sebelisa sekhahla sa calibration sa NaHS (0–100 μM) ho ddH2O (Setšoantšo se Tlatsetsang sa 2). Litharollo tsohle tse sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa litekanyo li ile tsa lokisoa bocha. Li-coefficients tsa phetoho ea intra- le interassay bakeng sa litekanyo tsa sulfide e ne e le 2.8% le 3.4%, ka ho latellana. Re boetse ra fumana kakaretso ea sulfide e fumanoeng metsing a nooang a nang le sodium thiosulfate le lisampole tsa serum re sebelisa mokhoa oa sampole e matlafalitsoeng42. Lipholiso tsa lisampole tsa metsi a nooang a nang le sodium thiosulfate le serum e ne e le 91 ± 1.1% (n = 6) le 93 ± 2.4% (n = 6), ka ho latellana.
Tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e entsoe ho sebelisoa software ea GraphPad Prism version 8.0.2 bakeng sa Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA, www.graphpad.com). Teko ea t e kopantsoeng e sebelisitsoe ho bapisa mocheso le pH ea metsi a nooang pele le ka mor'a ho eketsoa ha NaHS. Tahlehelo ea H2S tharollong e nang le NaHS e baliloe e le phokotso ea peresente ho tloha ho nkiloeng ha motheo, 'me ho lekola hore na tahlehelo e ne e le ea bohlokoa ka lipalo-palo, re entse ANOVA ea mehato e pheta-phetoang ea tsela e le' ngoe e lateloang ke teko ea papiso e mengata ea Dunnett. Boima ba 'mele, serum urea, serum creatinine, le sulfide eohle ea serum ha nako e ntse e ea li bapisitsoe pakeng tsa litoeba tse laoloang le tse tšoaroang ke NaHS tsa bong bo fapaneng li sebelisa ANOVA e tsoakiloeng ka litsela tse peli (pakeng tsa-ka hare) e lateloang ke teko ea Bonferroni post hoc. Litekanyetso tsa P tse nang le mehatla e 'meli < 0.05 li ne li nkoa li le bohlokoa ka lipalo-palo.
pH ea metsi a nooang e ne e le 7.60 ± 0.01 pele ho eketsoa ha NaHS le 7.71 ± 0.03 kamora ho eketsoa ha NaHS (n = 13, p = 0.0029). Mocheso oa metsi a nooang e ne e le 26.5 ± 0.2 mme oa fokotseha ho fihlela ho 26.2 ± 0.2 kamora ho eketsoa ha NaHS (n = 13, p = 0.0128). Lokisetsa tharollo ea NaHS ea 30 μM metsing a nooang 'me u e boloke ka botlolong ea metsi. Tharollo ea NaHS ha e tsitse 'me mahloriso a eona aa fokotseha ha nako e ntse e ea. Ha ho nkuoa sampole ho tsoa molaleng oa botlolo ea metsi, ho ile ha bonoa phokotso e kholo (68.0%) nakong ea hora ea pele, 'me litaba tsa NaHS ka har'a tharollo li ile tsa fokotseha ka 72% le 75% kamora lihora tse 12 le 24, ka ho latellana. Mehlalaneng e fumanoeng libotlolong tsa metsi, phokotso ea NaHS e ne e se ea bohlokoa ho fihlela lihora tse 2, empa kamora lihora tse 12 le 24 e ne e fokotsehile ka 47% le 72%, ka ho latellana. Lintlha tsena li bontša hore peresente ea NaHS tharollong ea 30 μM e lokisitsoeng ka metsing a nooang e theohile ho fihla ho kotara ea boleng ba pele kamora lihora tse 24, ho sa tsotelehe sebaka sa sampole (Setšoantšo sa 1).
Ho tsitsa ha tharollo ea NaHS (30 μM) metsing a nooang ka libotlolong tsa rat/toeba. Kamora ho lokisa tharollo, lisampole li nkiloe ntlheng le kahare ho botlolo ea metsi. Lintlha li hlahisoa e le karolelano ± SD (n = 6/sehlopha). * le #, P < 0.05 ha li bapisoa le nako 0. Setšoantšo sa botlolo ea metsi se bontša ntlha (e nang le ho buleha) le 'mele oa botlolo. Bophahamo ba ntlha ke hoo e ka bang 740 μL.
Khakanyo ea NaHS tharollong e sa tsoa lokisoa ea 30 μM e ne e le 30.3 ± 0.4 μM (sebaka: 28.7–31.9 μM, n = 12). Leha ho le joalo, kamora lihora tse 24, khakanyo ea NaHS e ile ea fokotseha ho ea ho boleng bo tlase (karolelano: 3.0 ± 0.6 μM). Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 2, likhakanyo tsa NaHS tseo litoeba li ileng tsa pepesetsoa ho tsona li ne li sa fetohe nakong ea thuto.
Boima ba 'mele ba likhoto tse tšehali bo eketsehile haholo ha nako e ntse e ea (ho tloha ho 205.2 ± 5.2 g ho isa ho 213.8 ± 7.0 g sehlopheng sa taolo le ho tloha ho 204.0 ± 8.6 g ho isa ho 211.8 ± 7.5 g sehlopheng se phekoloang ke NaHS); leha ho le joalo, kalafo ea NaHS ha ea ka ea ama boima ba 'mele (Setšoantšo sa 3). Boima ba 'mele ba likhoto tse tona bo eketsehile haholo ha nako e ntse e ea (ho tloha ho 338.6 ± 8.3 g ho isa ho 352.4 ± 6.0 g sehlopheng sa taolo le ho tloha ho 352.4 ± 5.9 g ho isa ho 363.2 ± 4.3 g sehlopheng se phekoloang ke NaHS); leha ho le joalo, phekolo ea NaHS ha ea ka ea ama boima ba 'mele (Setšoantšo sa 3).
Liphetoho boima ba 'mele ho likhoto tse tšehali le tse tona ka mor'a ho fuoa NaHS (30 μM). Lintlha li hlahisoa e le karolelano ea ± SEM 'me li bapisitsoe ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea phapang e tsoakiloeng ka litsela tse peli (ka hare-hare) ka teko ea Bonferroni post hoc. n = 5 ea bong bo bong le bo bong sehlopheng ka seng.
Maemo a serum urea le creatine phosphate a ne a lekana taolong le litoeba tse phekoloang ke NaSH ho pholletsa le phuputso. Ho feta moo, kalafo ea NaSH ha ea ka ea ama maemo a serum urea le creatinechrome (Tafole ea 1).
Maqhubu a mantlha a sulfide ka serum a ne a tšoana pakeng tsa taolo le likhoto tse tona tse phekoloang ke NaHS (8.1 ± 0.5 μM khahlano le 9.3 ± 0.2 μM) le likhoto tse tšehali (9.1 ± 1.0 μM khahlano le 6.1 ± 1.1 μM). Tsamaiso ea NaHS ka matsatsi a 14 ha ea ka ea ama maemo a sulfide ka kakaretso ka serum ho likhoto tse tona kapa tse tšehali (Setšoantšo sa 4).
Liphetoho tse mabapi le mahloriso a sulfide ka kakaretso ea serum ho likhoto tse tona le tse tšehali ka mor'a ho fuoa NaHS (30 μM). Lintlha li hlahisoa e le karolelano ea ± SEM 'me li bapisitsoe ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea mefuta e 'meli e tsoakiloeng (ka hare-ka hare) ea phapang ka teko ea Bonferroni post hoc. Bong ka bong, n = 5/sehlopha.
Qeto e ka sehloohong ea phuputso ena ke hore metsi a nooang a nang le NaHS ha a tsitsa: ke kotara feela ea kakaretso ea sulfide e ka fumanoang lihora tse 24 kamora ho nka sampole ho tloha ntlheng le ka hare ho libotlolo tsa metsi tsa rat/toeba. Ho feta moo, litoeba li ile tsa pepesehela mahloriso a NaHS a sa tsitsang ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea H2S tharollong ea NaHS, 'me ho eketsoa ha NaHS metsing a nooang ha hoa ka ha ama boima ba' mele, serum urea le creatine chromium, kapa total serum sulfide.
Phuputsong ena, sekgahla sa tahlehelo ya H2S ho tloha ditharollong tsa NaHS tse 30 μM tse lokisitsweng ka metsing a nowang e ne e le hoo e ka bang 3% ka hora. Tharollong e buffered (100 μM sodium sulfide ho 10 mM PBS, pH 7.4), mahloriso a sulfide a tlalehilwe hore a fokotseha ka 7% ha nako e ntse e ya ka dihora tse 8. Re kile ra sireletsa tsamaiso ya NaHS ka hare ho peritoneal ka ho tlaleha hore sekgahla sa tahlehelo ya sulfide ho tloha tharollong ya NaHS ya 54 μM metsing a nowang e ne e le hoo e ka bang 2.3% ka hora (4%/hora dihoreng tse 12 tsa pele le 1.4%/hora dihoreng tse 12 tsa ho qetela kamora ho lokiswa)8. Diphuputso tsa pejana43 di fumane tahlehelo e sa feleng ya H2S ho tswa ditharollong tsa NaHS, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso le oxidation. Esita le ntle le ho eketswa ha dipululana, sulfide ka hara tharollo ya setoko e lahleha kapele ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso ha H2S11. Lithuto li bontšitse hore nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha, e nkang metsotsoana e ka bang 30-60, hoo e ka bang 5-10% ea H2S e lahleha ka lebaka la mouoane6. Ho thibela mouoane oa H2S ho tsoa tharollong, bafuputsi ba nkile mehato e 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa le ho hlohlelletsa tharollo ka bonolo12, ho koahela tharollo ea setoko ka filimi ea polasetiki6, le ho fokotsa ho pepesehela tharollo moeeng, kaha sekhahla sa mouoane oa H2S se itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa moea-mokelikeli.13 Ho oxidation ho sa reroang ha H2S ho etsahala haholo-holo ka lebaka la li-ion tsa tšepe tse fetohang, haholo-holo tšepe ea ferric, e leng litšila metsing.13 Ho oxidation ha H2S ho fella ka ho thehoa ha li-polysulfide (liathomo tsa sebabole tse hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tsa covalent)11. Ho qoba ho kenngwa ha oksijene ha yona, ditharollo tse nang le H2S di lokiswa ka ditharollo tse se nang oksijene44,45 ebe di hlwekiswa ka argon kapa naetrojene metsotso e 20-30 ho netefatsa ho kenngwa ha oksijene.11,12,37,44,45,46 Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) ke chelator ya tshepe (10-4 M) e thibelang ho kenngwa ha oksijene ha HS ditharollong tsa aerobic. Ha DTPA e le siyo, sekgahla sa ho kenngwa ha oksijene ha HS- se ka ba 50% ho feta dihora tse ka bang 3 ho 25°C37,47. Ho feta moo, kaha ho kenngwa ha oksijene ha 1e-sulfide ho susumetswa ke lesedi la ultraviolet, tharollo e lokela ho bolokwa leqhoeng mme e sireletswe kganyeng11.
Jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe ho Setshwantsho sa 5, NaHS e arohana le Na+ le HS-6 ha e qhibilihiswa ka metsing; karohano ena e laolwa ke pK1 ya karabelo, e itshetlehileng ka mocheso: pK1 = 3.122 + 1132/T, moo T e pakeng tsa 5 le 30°C mme e lekanngwa ka di-degree tsa Kelvin (K), K = °C + 273.1548. HS- e na le pK2 e phahameng (pK2 = 19), kahoo ho pH < 96.49, S2- ha e thehwe kapa e thehwa ka bongata bo bonyenyane haholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, HS- e sebetsa e le motheo mme e amohela H+ ho tloha molek'huleng ya H2O, mme H2O e sebetsa e le asiti mme e fetolelwa ho H2S le OH-.
Ho thehoa ha khase ea H2S e qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a tharollo ea NaHS (30 µM). aq, tharollo ea metsi; g, khase; l, mokelikeli. Lipalopalo tsohle li nka hore pH ea metsi = 7.0 le mocheso oa metsi = 20 °C. E entsoe ka BioRender.com.
Ho sa tsotellehe bopaki ba hore ditharollo tsa NaHS ha di tsitsa, dithuto tse mmalwa tsa diphoofolo di sebedisitse ditharollo tsa NaHS metsing a nowang e le motswako wa mofani wa H2S15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 ka nako ya ho kenella ho tloha dibekeng tse 1 ho isa ho tse 21 (Tafole ya 2). Nakong ya dithuto tsena, tharollo ya NaHS e ne e ntjhafatswa dihora tse ding le tse ding tse 12, 15, 17, 18, 24, 25 kapa dihora tse 24, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. Diphetho tsa rona di bontshitse hore ditoeba di ne di pepesehetse mahloriso a sa tsitsang a dithethefatsi ka lebaka la tahlehelo ya H2S ho tswa tharollong ya NaHS, mme dikahare tsa NaHS metsing a nowang a ditoeba di ile tsa fetoha haholo nakong ya dihora tse 12 kapa tse 24 (sheba Setshwantsho sa 2). Lithuto tse peli ho tsena li tlalehile hore maemo a H2S metsing a ile a lula a tsitsitse ka lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 22 kapa hore ke tahlehelo ea H2S ea 2–3% feela e ileng ea bonoa ka lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 15, empa ha ea ka ea fana ka lintlha tse tšehetsang kapa tsa tekanyo. Lithuto tse peli li bontšitse hore bophara bo bonyenyane ba libotlolo tsa metsi bo ka fokotsa mouoane oa H2S15,19. Leha ho le joalo, liphetho tsa rona li bontšitse hore sena se ka liehisa tahlehelo ea H2S feela ho tsoa botlolong ea metsi ka lihora tse 2 ho fapana le lihora tse 12–24. Lithuto ka bobeli li hlokomela hore re nahana hore boemo ba NaHS metsing a nooang ha boa ka ba fetoha hobane ha rea ​​​​ka ra bona phetoho ea 'mala metsing; ka hona, oxidation ea H2S ke moea e ne e se ea bohlokoa19,20. Ho makatsang ke hore, mokhoa ona oa boithati o hlahloba botsitso ba NaHS metsing ho fapana le ho lekanya phetoho ea mahloriso a eona ha nako e ntse e ea.
Tahlehelo ea H2S tharollong ea NaHS e amana le pH le mocheso. Joalokaha ho boletsoe thutong ea rona, ho qhibiliha ha NaHS metsing ho fella ka ho thehoa ha tharollo ea alkaline50. Ha NaHS e qhibiliha ka metsing, ho thehoa ha khase ea H2S e qhibilihisitsoeng ho itšetlehile ka boleng ba pH6. Ha pH ea tharollo e le tlase, karolo ea NaHS e teng e le limolek'hule tsa khase ea H2S e ba kholoanyane 'me sulfide e ngata e lahleha ho tsoa tharollong ea metsi11. Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsena e tlalehileng pH ea metsi a nooang a sebelisoang e le tharollo bakeng sa NaHS. Ho ea ka likhothaletso tsa WHO, tse amoheloang ke linaha tse ngata, pH ea metsi a nooang e lokela ho ba pakeng tsa 6.5–8.551. Mofuteng ona oa pH, sekhahla sa oxidation ea tlhaho ea H2S se eketseha ka makhetlo a ka bang leshome13. Ho qhibiliha NaHS ka metsing mofuteng ona oa pH ho tla fella ka khatello ea khase ea H2S e qhibilihisitsoeng ea 1 ho isa ho 22.5 μM, e leng se hatisang bohlokoa ba ho beha leihlo pH ea metsi pele ho qhibiliha NaHS. Ho phaella moo, maemo a mocheso a tlalehiloeng thutong e ka holimo (18–26 °C) a tla fella ka phetoho mahlorisong a khase ea H2S e qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a tharollo ea hoo e ka bang 10%, kaha liphetoho tsa mocheso li fetola pK1, 'me liphetoho tse nyane ho pK1 li ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo mahlorisong a khase ea H2S e qhibilihisitsoeng48. Ho phaella moo, nako e telele ea lithuto tse ling (likhoeli tse 5)22, tseo ho tsona ho lebeletsoeng phapang e kholo ea mocheso, le eona e mpefatsa bothata bona.
Lithuto tsohle ntle le e le 'ngoe21 li sebelisitse tharollo ea 30 μM NaHS metsing a nooang. Ho hlalosa tekanyo e sebelisitsoeng (ke hore 30 μM), bangoli ba bang ba bontšitse hore NaHS karolong ea metsi e hlahisa khatello e tšoanang hantle ea khase ea H2S le hore tekanyo ea 'mele ea H2S ke 10 ho isa ho 100 μM, kahoo tekanyo ena e ka har'a tekanyo ea 'mele15,16. Ba bang ba hlalositse hore 30 μM NaHS e ka boloka boemo ba H2S ea plasma ka har'a tekanyo ea 'mele, ke hore 5–300 μM19,20. Re nahana ka khatello ea NaHS metsing ea 30 μM (pH = 7.0, T = 20 °C), e ileng ea sebelisoa lithutong tse ling ho ithuta liphello tsa H2S. Re ka bala hore khatello ea khase ea H2S e qhibilihisitsoeng ke 14.7 μM, e leng hoo e ka bang 50% ea khatello ea pele ea NaHS. Boleng bona bo tšoana le boleng bo baloang ke bangoli ba bang tlas'a maemo a tšoanang13,48.
Thutong ea rona, tsamaiso ea NaHS ha ea ka ea fetola boima ba 'mele; sephetho sena se lumellana le liphetho tsa lithuto tse ling ho litoeba tse tona22,23 le litoeba tse tona18; Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse peli li tlalehile hore NaSH e khutlisitse boima bo fokotsehileng ba 'mele ho litoeba tse sa tsoakoang24,26, athe lithuto tse ling ha lia ka tsa tlaleha phello ea tsamaiso ea NaSH holim'a boima ba 'mele15,16,17,19,20,21,25. Ho feta moo, thutong ea rona, tsamaiso ea NaSH ha ea ka ea ama maemo a serum urea le creatine chromium, e leng se lumellanang le liphetho tsa tlaleho e 'ngoe25.
Phuputso e fumane hore ho eketsoa ha NaHS metsing a nooang ka libeke tse 2 ha hoa ka ha ama mahloriso a sulfide ea serum ka kakaretso ho litoeba tse tona le tse tšehali. Phihlello ena e tsamaellana le liphetho tsa Sen et al. (16): Libeke tse 8 tsa kalafo ka 30 μM NaHS metsing a nooang ha lia ka tsa ama maemo a sulfide ea plasma ho litoeba tse laolang; leha ho le joalo, ba tlalehile hore ho kenella hona ho khutlisitse maemo a fokotsehileng a H2S plasma ea litoeba tse sa tsoa emoloa. Li et al. (22) le bona ba tlalehile hore kalafo ka 30 μM NaHS metsing a nooang ka likhoeli tse 5 e ekelitse maemo a sulfide a se nang plasma ho litoeba tse tsofetseng ka hoo e ka bang 26%. Lithuto tse ling ha lia tlaleha liphetoho ho sulfide e potolohang ka mor'a ho eketsoa ha NaHS metsing a nooang.
Lithuto tse supileng li tlalehile ho sebelisoa Sigma NaHS15,16,19,20,21,22,23 empa ha lia ka tsa fana ka lintlha tse ling mabapi le metsi a metsi, 'me lithuto tse hlano ha lia ka tsa bua ka mohloli oa NaHS o sebelisitsoeng mekhoeng ea bona ea ho lokisa17,18,24,25,26. NaHS ke molek'hule e nang le metsi 'me metsi a eona a metsi a ka fapana, e leng se amang bongata ba NaHS bo hlokahalang ho lokisa tharollo ea molarity e fanoeng. Mohlala, litaba tsa NaHS thutong ea rona e ne e le NaHS •1.3 H2O. Kahoo, mahloriso a NaHS a 'nete lithutong tsena a ka ba tlase ho feta a tlalehiloeng.
“Motsoako o mokgutshwane hakana o ka ba le phello e nkang nako e telele hakana jwang?” Pozgay le ba bang.21 ba botsitse potso ena ha ba ntse ba lekola ditlamorao tsa NaHS hodima colitis ho ditoeba. Ba tshepa hore dithuto tsa nakong e tlang di tla kgona ho araba potso ena mme ba nahana hore ditharollo tsa NaHS di ka ba le di-polysulfide tse tsitsitseng ho phaella ho H2S le disulfide tse buellang phello ya NaHS21. Monyetla o mong ke hore mahloriso a tlase haholo a NaHS a setseng tharollong le ona a ka ba le phello e molemo. Ha e le hantle, Olson le ba bang ba fane ka bopaki ba hore maemo a micromolar a H2S mading ha se a mmele mme a lokela ho ba maemong a nanomolar kapa a le siyo ka ho felletseng13. H2S e ka sebetsa ka ho tjheseletsa protheine, phetoho e ka fetolwang kamora phetolelo e amang tshebetso, botsitso le sebaka sa diprotheine tse ngata52,53,54. Ha e le hantle, tlasa maemo a mmele, hoo e ka bang 10% ho isa ho 25% ya diprotheine tse ngata tsa sebete di tjheseditswe ka sulfylated53. Lithuto tsena ka bobeli li lumela timetso e potlakileng ea NaHS19,23 empa ka mokhoa o makatsang li bolela hore "re laotse ho bokellana ha NaHS metsing a nooang ka ho a nkela sebaka letsatsi le letsatsi."23 Phuputso e 'ngoe ka phoso e boletse hore "NaHS ke mofani oa H2S ea tloaelehileng 'me e sebelisoa hangata mesebetsing ea bongaka ho nkela H2S sebaka."18
Puisano e kaholimo e bonts'a hore NaHS e lahleha ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha metsi, ho oxidation le photolysis, ka hona ho etsoa litlhahiso tse ling ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea H2S ho tsoa tharollong. Ea pele, ho fetoha ha metsi ha H2S ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa khase-mokelikeli13 le pH ea tharollo11; ka hona, ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea mouoane, molala oa botlolo ea metsi o ka etsoa o monyane kamoo ho ka khonehang joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe pele15,19, 'me pH ea metsi e ka fetoloa ho ea moeling o amohelehang o ka holimo (ke hore, 6.5–8.551) ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea mouoane11. Ea bobeli, ho oxidation ka tšohanyetso ha H2S ho etsahala ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa oksijene le boteng ba li-ion tsa tšepe tse fetohang metsing a nooang13, kahoo ho tlosoa ha oksijene metsing a nooang ka argon kapa nitrogen44,45 le tšebeliso ea li-chelators tsa tšepe37,47 ho ka fokotsa ho oxidation ha sulfides. Ea boraro, ho thibela ho bola ha H2S ka photocomposition, libotlolo tsa metsi li ka phutheloa ka foil ea aluminium; Mokhoa ona o boetse o sebetsa le linthong tse bobebe tse kang streptozotocin55. Qetellong, matswai a sulfide a sa pheleng (NaHS, Na2S, le CaS) a ka fanoa ka gavage ho ena le ho qhibilihisoa metsing a nooang joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe pele56,57,58; lithuto li bontšitse hore sodium sulfide e nang le mahlaseli a kotsi e fuoang litoeba e monngoa hantle 'me e ajoa hoo e batlang e le liseleng tsohle59. Ho fihlela joale, lithuto tse ngata li fane ka matswai a sulfide a sa pheleng ka hare ho mpa; leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona ha o sebelisoe hangata maemong a bongaka60. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mokhoa oa ho nooa ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng le o ratoang haholo oa ho nooa ho batho61. Ka hona, re khothaletsa ho hlahloba litlamorao tsa bafani ba H2S ho litoeba ka gavage ea molomo.
Moeli ke hore re lekanyelitse sulfide ka har'a tharollo ea metsi le serum re sebelisa mokhoa oa MB. Mekhoa ea ho lekanya sulfide e kenyelletsa titration ea iodine, spectrophotometry, mokhoa oa electrochemical (potentiometry, amperometry, mokhoa oa coulometric le mokhoa oa amperometric) le chromatography (khase chromatography le chromatography ea metsi e sebetsang hantle), eo har'a eona mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo ke mokhoa oa MB spectrophotometric62. Moeli oa mokhoa oa MB oa ho lekanya H2S lisampoleng tsa baeloji ke hore o lekanya metsoako eohle e nang le sebabole eseng H2S63 e lokolohileng hobane e etsoa tlas'a maemo a asiti, e leng se fellang ka ho ntšoa ha sebabole mohloling oa baeloji64. Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka Mokhatlo oa Bophelo ba Sechaba oa Amerika, MB ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho lekanya sulfide ka metsing65. Ka hona, moeli ona ha o ame liphetho tsa rona tse kholo mabapi le ho se tsitse ha litharollo tse nang le NaHS. Ho feta moo, thutong ea rona, ho khutlisoa ha litekanyo tsa sulfide lisampoleng tsa metsi le serum tse nang le NaHS e ne e le 91% le 93%, ka ho latellana. Litekanyetso tsena li tsamaellana le mefuta e tlalehiloeng pele (77–92)66, e bontšang ho nepahala ho amohelehang ha tlhahlobo42. Hoa hlokomeleha hore re sebelisitse likhoto tse tona le tse tšehali ho latela litataiso tsa National Institutes of Health (NIH) ho qoba ho itšetleha haholo ka lithuto tsa liphoofolo tse tona feela lithutong tsa pele ho tleliniki67 le ho kenyelletsa likhoto tse tona le tse tšehali neng kapa neng ha ho khoneha68. Ntlha ena e totobalitsoe ke ba bang69,70,71.
Qetellong, liphetho tsa phuputso ena li bontša hore litharollo tsa NaHS tse lokisitsoeng ka metsi a nooang li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ho hlahisa H2S ka lebaka la ho se tsitse ha tsona. Mokhoa ona oa tsamaiso o ka pepesetsa liphoofolo maemong a sa tsitsang le a tlase ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe; ka hona, liphuputso li kanna tsa se sebetse ho batho.
Disete tsa data tse sebedisitsweng le/kapa tse sekasekilweng nakong ya phuputso ya hajwale di fumaneha ho mongoli ya tsamaellanang ha ho kopuwa ka lebaka le utlwahalang.
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